CCTV
Here’s a CCTV Penetration Testing Methodology aligned with BIS ER 01:2024 requirements and industry best practices:
1. Pre-Engagement & Planning
Scope Definition
Identify the CCTV models, firmware versions, network architecture, and access points.
Define the testing boundaries: device, web interface, mobile app, cloud services.
Confirm applicable BIS ER clauses.
Rules of Engagement
Obtain written authorization from the OEM/client.
Define testing windows to avoid disrupting production surveillance.
Information Collection
Gather SoC datasheets, OEM technical docs, firmware, and SBOM (if available).
Document IP addresses, DNS, and interface types (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, LTE, serial ports).
2. Reconnaissance & Threat Modeling
Passive Recon
Identify device services, protocols, and potential vulnerabilities without sending active probes.
Active Recon
Map network ports & services using Nmap/Masscan.
Identify firmware endpoints, APIs, and cloud connections.
Threat Modeling
Identify attack surfaces:
Physical ports (USB, UART, JTAG, SWD)
Local network interfaces
Web admin interface
Mobile application APIs
Firmware update mechanisms
Cloud connectivity
3. Physical Security Testing (BIS Section 1.x)
Test for unprotected debug interfaces (BIS 1.1, 1.3).
Verify tamper resistance and tamper detection (BIS 1.6).
Check unique cryptographic keys for each device (BIS 1.2).
Validate secure boot and boot image signature verification (BIS 1.8).
Assess IP protection features in SoC (BIS 1.7).
4. Firmware & Software Security Testing (BIS Section 2.x)
Firmware Extraction & Analysis
Extract firmware via OEM site, update files, or hardware interfaces.
Analyze using Binwalk, Ghidra, FACT.
Static Code Analysis
Identify banned C functions (BIS 2.4).
Look for hardcoded credentials (BIS 2.6).
Verify reverse engineering protections (BIS 2.7b).
Secure Storage Verification
Check if sensitive data/keys are stored securely (BIS 1.5).
SBOM Verification
Match SBOM with actual firmware contents & CVE check (BIS 2.5).
PRNG Testing
Validate use of secure cryptographic RNGs (BIS 1.9).
Memory Protection
Verify ASLR, DEP (BIS 2.1).
5. Network Security Testing (BIS Section 2.2 – 2.3)
TLS/Encryption
Verify only strong ciphers & TLS versions in use (BIS 2.2.1).
Test certificate validation & pinning (BIS 2.3.1, 2.7a).
Attempt MITM attacks with Burp Suite/Ettercap (BIS 2.2.5, 2.3.5).
Port & Service Hardening
Identify unnecessary open ports (BIS 2.2.4, 2.3.4).
Vulnerability Scanning
Scan for SSL/TLS weaknesses with
testssl.sh,SSLyze.Check for known CVEs in exposed services.
6. Update & Lifecycle Security Testing (BIS Section 2.8 – 2.11)
Firmware Update Security
Test signed firmware validation (BIS 2.9).
Attempt TOCTOU update modification (BIS 2.8).
Verify anti-rollback functionality (BIS 2.10).
Test scheduled update process security (BIS 2.11).
7. Supply Chain & Threat Mitigation (BIS Section 3.x & 4.x)
Validate trusted supply chain claims (BIS 3.3).
Check for anti-counterfeit measures (BIS 4.1).
Evaluate malware detection deployment (BIS 4.3).
8. Exploitation & Proof of Concept
Attempt exploitation of identified vulnerabilities in a controlled lab.
Capture evidence:
Screenshots of access
Packet captures
Log files
9. Reporting
Map each finding to relevant BIS Test Case ID (e.g., BIS-1.1.1, BIS-2.2.5).
Provide:
Description of vulnerability
Evidence
Risk rating
BIS clause reference
Remediation recommendations
10. Retesting
After fixes are applied, retest vulnerabilities to confirm mitigation.
Here’s a CCTV Penetration Testing Toolset mapped to the BIS ER 01:2024 test areas:
1. Reconnaissance & Information Gathering
Network discovery
Nmap, Masscan, Netdiscover
2.2.4, 2.3.4
Service & OS fingerprinting
Nmap NSE scripts, XProbe2
2.2.x
Firmware extraction (from OEM site or update files)
wget, curl
Pre-test
2. Physical Security Testing
Identify/debug ports
JTAGulator, Bus Pirate, Logic Analyzer
1.1, 1.3
UART access
PuTTY, screen, minicom
1.1
JTAG/SWD interface analysis
OpenOCD, UrJTAG
1.3
Tamper protection check
Multimeter, oscilloscope, visual inspection
1.6
3. Firmware & Software Analysis
Firmware unpacking
Binwalk, Firmware-Mod-Kit
2.x
File system analysis
foremost, strings, grep
2.6, 2.7b
Reverse engineering
Ghidra, IDA Free, Radare2
2.7b
SBOM validation
FACT (Firmware Analysis and Comparison Tool)
2.5
Hardcoded credentials scan
grep, truffleHog, SonarQube
2.6
Banned C functions check
Flawfinder, cppcheck, Fortify SCA
2.4
Secure storage check
Hexdump, Volatility
1.5
4. Network & Communication Security
TLS configuration check
testssl.sh, SSLyze, OpenSSL
2.2.1, 2.3.1
MITM testing
Burp Suite, Ettercap, MITMf
2.2.5, 2.3.5
Certificate pinning check
Objection, Frida
2.7a
Port/service security
Nmap, Unicornscan
2.2.4, 2.3.4
Vulnerability scanning
Nessus, OpenVAS, Qualys
2.2.3, 2.3.3
Protocol analysis
Wireshark, tshark
2.2.x
5. Cryptographic Security
PRNG validation
Dieharder, rngtest
1.9
Key/certificate audit
OpenSSL, keytool
1.2, 1.5
Code signing check
osslsigncode, signtool
2.9
6. Firmware Update & Lifecycle Security
Firmware modification & re-signing
Firmware-Mod-Kit, OpenSSL
2.8, 2.9
Anti-rollback test
Custom downgrade scripts
2.10
OTA update interception
Burp Suite, mitmproxy
2.8, 2.11
7. Supply Chain & Threat Mitigation
Malware scanning
ClamAV, YARA
4.3
Threat intelligence
CVE database, NVD, Exploit-DB
3.x, 4.x
Here’s a CCTV Penetration Testing Practice Lab Setup aligned with BIS ER 01:2024 so you can simulate all test cases in a controlled environment.
Lab Network Topology
2. Hardware Requirements
CCTV Cameras – at least 2–3 models (IP-based, Wi-Fi, PoE).
Managed Switch – for port mirroring to capture traffic.
Test Router/Firewall – pfSense, MikroTik, or Cisco ISR.
Capture Device – Laptop/PC with Wireshark.
Serial Debug Tools:
USB-to-UART adapters (CP2102, CH340G)
JTAGulator / Bus Pirate
Logic Analyzer
Power Tools – PoE injector/switch, 12V adapters.
Tamper Testing Kit – multimeter, screwdrivers, oscilloscope.
3. Software Requirements
For Network Testing:
Nmap, Masscan – port/service scanning
Wireshark – packet capture & analysis
Burp Suite / OWASP ZAP – web interface security
testssl.sh, SSLyze – TLS testing
Ettercap / MITMf / mitmproxy – MITM testing
OpenVAS / Nessus – vulnerability scanning
For Firmware Analysis:
Binwalk – firmware extraction
Firmware-Mod-Kit
Ghidra / Radare2 – reverse engineering
FACT – SBOM analysis
Flawfinder, cppcheck – code analysis
truffleHog, grep – find hardcoded credentials
For Wireless Testing:
Aircrack-ng, hcxdumptool, WiFite – Wi-Fi security
Kismet – wireless network discovery
4. Lab Configuration for BIS Test Cases
1.1 & 1.3 Debug Interface Testing
Connect UART/JTAG tools to DUT, verify boot logs, test protection
1.8 Secure Boot
Flash valid & tampered firmware to test boot validation
2.2 TLS Security
Use test server with valid & invalid certificates, monitor DUT behavior
2.3 MITM Testing
Insert MITM proxy, attempt traffic interception
2.5 SBOM Validation
Run FACT on extracted firmware
2.6 Hardcoded Credentials
Static code analysis after firmware extraction
3.1 Wireless Mutual Auth
Configure WPA2/WPA3 AP and test DUT connectivity
4.3 Malware Detection
Upload benign “malware-like” files to storage, check detection response
5. Test Workflow
Baseline Documentation
Record model, firmware, and configuration.
Physical Inspection
Identify ports, seals, access points.
Network Profiling
Discover IP, ports, protocols.
Firmware Handling
Extract, analyze, and modify firmware.
Exploit Simulation
Test vulnerabilities in a safe lab.
BIS Reporting
Map each test result to BIS clause.
6. Safety & Legal Precautions
Always isolate CCTV DUT from production network.
Test only with authorized devices.
Maintain evidence logs for each BIS test case.
Avoid destructive hardware tampering unless approved.
1.1
BIS-1.1.1
TC_ID_SECURE_DEBUG_INTERFACES
SoC Datasheet, OEM Docs
SoC Datasheet, Debug Interface Docs
1.1
BIS-1.1.2
TC_VERIFY_SECURE_DEBUG_INTERFACES
OEM Debug Tools, Access Control Tools
OEM Debug Interface Info, Access Control Evidence
1.1
BIS-1.1.3
TC_OEM_SECURE_DEBUG_INTERFACES
Hardware Debuggers
OEM Witness Logs, Test Results
1.1
BIS-1.1.4
TC_PROCESS_SECURE_DEBUG_INTERFACES
Audit Checklist
Manufacturing Process Docs, Block Diagrams
1.2
BIS-1.2.1
TC_OEM_VERIFY_UNIQUE_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_KEYS
Key Management Software
Key Inventory, OEM Session Logs
1.2
BIS-1.2.2
TC_CODE_VERIFY_UNIQUE_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_KEYS
Code Review Tools, SAST
Code Review Reports, Crypto Implementation Docs
1.3
BIS-1.3.1
TC_ID_TEST_ON-CHIP_DEBUG_INTERFACE_SECURITY
SoC Datasheet
SoC Datasheet, Interface Docs
1.3
BIS-1.3.2
TC_VERIFY_TEST_ON-CHIP_DEBUG_INTERFACE_SECURITY
Debug Tools, Protocol Analyzers
Debug Tools, Access Control Tests
1.3
BIS-1.3.3
TC_OEM_TEST_ON-CHIP_DEBUG_INTERFACE_SECURITY
Hardware Debuggers
OEM Witness Logs, Test Results
1.3
BIS-1.3.4
TC_PROCESS_TEST_ON-CHIP_DEBUG_INTERFACE_SECURITY
Audit Checklist
Manufacturing Process Audit Docs
1.4
BIS-1.4.1
TC_TEST_TRUSTED_EXECUTION_IMPLEMENTATION
SoC Datasheet, Code Review Tools
SoC Datasheet, TPM/TEE Logs
1.5
BIS-1.5.1
TC_OEM_VERIFY_SECURE_STORAGE_OF_SENSITIVE_DATA
HSMs, Malware Scanners
Key & Sensitive Data List, OEM Test Logs
1.5
BIS-1.5.2
TC_CODE_VERIFY_SECURE_STORAGE_OF_SENSITIVE_DATA
SAST Tools, Manual Code Review
SAST Reports, Code Analysis Docs
1.5
BIS-1.5.3
TC_PROCESS_VERIFY_SECURE_STORAGE_OF_SENSITIVE_DATA
Audit Checklist
Key Life Cycle Docs, Audit Reports
1.6
BIS-1.6.1
TC_CHECK_TAMPER_RESISTANCE_FEATURES_SOFTWARE
OEM Tools, Pen Test Tools
Software Tamper Detection Logs
1.6
BIS-1.6.2
TC_CHECK_TAMPER_RESISTANCE_FEATURES_HARDWARE
Physical Inspection, Tamper Tools
Physical Inspection Reports, Tamper Test Logs
1.7
BIS-1.7.1
TC_TEST_INTELLECTUAL_PROPERTY_PROTECTION_ENABLEMENT
SoC Config Tools
SoC IP Protection Docs, OEM Declarations
1.8
BIS-1.8.1
TC_VERIFY_BOOT_IMAGE_SIGNATURE_VALID
Bootloader Logs, OEM Tools
Secure Boot Docs, Boot Logs
1.8
BIS-1.8.2
TC_VERIFY_BOOT_IMAGE_SIGNATURE_INVALID
Bootloader Logs, OEM Tools
Tampered Boot Image Tests, Logs
1.9
BIS-1.9.1
TC_CHECK_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_PRNG_UTILIZATION_DOC
Documentation Review
RNG Docs, SoC Datasheet
1.9
BIS-1.9.2
TC_CHECK_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_PRNG_UTILIZATION_CODE
Static Code Analyzers
Code Review, Static Analysis Reports
2.1
BIS-2.1.1
TC_VERIFY_MEMORY_PROTECTION_MECHANISMS
OS Commands, DEP Tools
OS Memory Protection Cmd Outputs, OEM Inputs
2.2
BIS-2.2.1
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DATA-INTRANSIT_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION
testSSL, SSLyze
TLS Specs, testSSL Logs
2.2
BIS-2.2.2
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DATA-IN-TRANSIT_SECURITY_SERVER
Network Sniffer, TLS Clients
Certificate Validation Logs
2.2
BIS-2.2.3
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DATA-IN-TRANSIT_SECURITY_VULNE
Nessus, testssl.sh, SSLyze
Vulnerability Scan Reports
2.2
BIS-2.2.4
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DATA-IN-TRANSIT_SECURITY_NMAP
Nmap
Nmap Scan Reports
2.2
BIS-2.2.5
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DATA-IN-TRANSIT_SECURITY_TLS
Burp Suite, Ettercap
MITM Attack Test Results, Burp Suite Logs
2.3
BIS-2.3.1
TC_TEST_SERVER_CONNECTION_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION_ENCRYPTION
Code Review Tools, Wireshark
Code Walkthrough Reports
2.3
BIS-2.3.2
TC_TEST_SERVER_CONNECTION_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION_ID
TLS Test Servers
TLS Cert Validation Logs
2.3
BIS-2.3.3
TC_TEST_SERVER_CONNECTION_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION_VULNE
Nessus, SSLyze
TLS Vulnerability Scan Reports
2.3
BIS-2.3.4
TC_TEST_SERVER_CONNECTION_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION_NMAP
Nmap
Nmap Scan Reports
2.3
BIS-2.3.5
TC_TEST_SERVER_CONNECTION_SIGNATURE_VALIDATION_TLS
Burp Suite, Ettercap
MITM Attack Logs
2.4
BIS-2.4.1
TC_CHECK_FOR_SAFE_ALTERNATIVES_TO_BANNED_C_FUNCTIONS_RECOMMENDED
Static Analysis Tools
Static Analysis Reports
2.5
BIS-2.5.1
TC_VALIDATE_FIRMWARE_SOFTWARE_BILL_OF_MATERIALS_FACT
FACT, SBOM Tools
SBOM Document, FACT Scan Results
2.5
BIS-2.5.2
TC_VALIDATE_FIRMWARE_SOFTWARE_BILL_OF_MATERIALS_ID
CVE Databases, Nessus
Vulnerability DB Reports, Nessus Scan
2.5
BIS-2.5.3
TC_VALIDATE_FIRMWARE_SOFTWARE_BILL_OF_MATERIALS_PROCESS
Documentation Review
Patch Management Docs
2.6
BIS-2.6.1
TC_AUDIT_CODE_FOR_HARDCODED_CREDENTIALS_RECOMMENDED
Static Code Analyzers
Static Code Analysis Results
2.7a
BIS-2.7a.1
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE_PINNING_TLS
Code Review Tools, Wireshark
Code Review, Wireshark Capture
2.7a
BIS-2.7a.2
TC_TEST_FIRMWARE_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE_PINNING_CERT
TLS Validation Tools
Cert Validation Logs
2.7b
BIS-2.7b.1
TC_ASSESS_FIRMWARE_REVERSE_ENGINEERING_PROTECTIONS
Binwalk, Ghidra
Binwalk/Ghidra Scan Reports
2.8
BIS-2.8.1
TC_EVALUATE_FIRMWARE_UPDATE_SECURITY
TOCTOU Test Scripts
TOCTOU Test Logs
2.9
BIS-2.9.1
TC_CONFIRM_DEVICE_CODE_SIGNING_AND_VALIDATION_POS
Firmware Update Tools
Firmware Update Logs
2.9
BIS-2.9.2
TC_CONFIRM_DEVICE_CODE_SIGNING_AND_VALIDATION_NEG
Firmware Update Tools
Rejection Logs for Tampered Updates
2.10
BIS-2.10.1
TC_TEST_ANTI-ROLLBACK_FIRMWARE_PROTECTION
Firmware Version Control
Firmware Version Control Logs
2.11
BIS-2.11.1
TC_VERIFY_SCHEDULED_FIRMWARE_UPDATE_CAPABILITY
OTA Systems
OTA Logs or SOP
3.1
BIS-3.1.1
TC_VERIFY_MUTUAL_AUTHENTICATION_OF_WIRELESS_COMMUNICATIONS
Wireless Test Tools
Wireless Auth Logs
3.2
BIS-3.2.1
TC_TEST_ENCRYPTION_OF_WIRELESS_COMMUNICATION_CHANNELS_TEST
Wireless Sniffers
Wireless Comm Encryption Logs
3.2
BIS-3.2.2
TC_TEST_ENCRYPTION_OF_WIRELESS_COMMUNICATION_CHANNELS_CODE
Code Review Tools
Code Review Reports
3.2
BIS-3.2.3
TC_TEST_ENCRYPTION_OF_WIRELESS_COMMUNICATION_CHANNELS_PROCESS
Process Audit Docs
Key Life Cycle Docs
3.3
BIS-3.3.1
TC_ASSESS_TRUSTED_SUPPLY_CHAIN_FOR_CRITICAL_COMPONENTS
Documentation Review
BOM, Vendor Auth Docs
3.4
BIS-3.4.1
TC_EVALUATE_SUPPLY_CHAIN_RISK_MANAGEMENT_PROCESS
Documentation Review
Risk Management Docs
3.5
BIS-3.5.1
TC_CONFIRM_USE_OF_NON-PROPRIETARY_NETWORK_PROTOCOLS
Wireshark, Documentation Review
Protocol Docs, Wireshark Logs
4.1
BIS-4.1.1
TC_ASSESS_DESIGN_AND_ARCHITECTURE_FOR_COUNTERFEIT_AND_MALWARE_RISKS
Documentation Review
PCBA, SoC Design Docs
4.2
BIS-4.2.1
TC_TEST_THREAT_MITIGATION_STRATEGIES_FOR_TAINTED_AND_COUNTERFEIT_PRODUCTS
Process Documents, Demos
Threat Mitigation Docs & Demo
4.3
BIS-4.3.1
TC_VERIFY_DEPLOYMENT_OF_MALWARE_DETECTION_TOOLS_IN_DEVELOPMENT
Malware Scanners, QA Docs
Malware Detection Tools & Logs
4.4
BIS-4.4.1
TC_EVALUATE_SUPPLY_CHAIN_RISK_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES
Documentation Review
Supply Chain Risk Docs
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